Nitrilecontaining

Nitrile-containing refers to molecules that include one or more nitrile functional groups, defined by a cyano group (-C≡N) in their structure. The nitrile moiety is a relatively compact, highly polar group that can influence solubility, reactivity, and overall physicochemical properties. In the literature, nitrile-containing compounds are described for their versatility in organic synthesis, polymer science, and materials chemistry.

Common examples span a range of classes. Small-molecule nitriles include acetonitrile, benzonitrile, and acrylonitrile. Nitrile-containing polymers are important industrial materials, such as polyacrylonitrile (PAN), nitrile rubber (NBR, an acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer), and various nitrile-functionalized resins. Nitrile groups are also widespread in solvents (acetonitrile is a widely used HPLC solvent) and in pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals as functional handles or protecting groups.

Chemical behavior and characterization. The nitrile group is relatively stable but participates in characteristic reactions, such as hydrolysis to carboxylic acids or amides under acidic or basic conditions, and reduction to primary amines. Nitriles can form cyanohydrins upon reaction with aldehydes or ketones. In spectroscopy, the nitrile C≡N stretch appears as a strong band near 2210–2260 cm-1 in infrared spectra, and the nitrile carbon often appears around 110–120 ppm in 13C NMR.

Applications and safety. Nitrile-containing materials are used in manufacturing, coatings, carbon-fiber precursors, and specialty solvents, and nitrile gloves provide chemical resistance. Some nitrile compounds can be toxic or pose risks upon inhalation, ingestion, or during combustion or harsh hydrolysis, so appropriate safety measures and waste handling are essential.