Nistatina

Nistatina, commonly known as nystatin, is an antifungal medication used primarily to treat fungal infections caused by Candida species. It belongs to the polyene class of antifungals and works by binding to ergosterol, a key component of fungal cell membranes. This binding disrupts the membrane integrity, leading to leakage of cellular contents and ultimately, fungal cell death.

Nystatin is most frequently prescribed for oral candidiasis (thrush), diaper rash caused by Candida, esophageal candidiasis, and cutaneous or mucocutaneous fungal infections. It is available in various formulations, including oral tablets, suspensions, topical creams, powders, and ointments, to suit different types of infections and administration routes.

As a topical agent, nystatin is generally well tolerated with minimal systemic absorption, resulting in fewer adverse effects. When used orally, potential side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea or diarrhea, though these are typically mild. Allergic reactions are rare but may occur in some individuals.

Because nystatin is not absorbed significantly from the gastrointestinal tract, it has limited systemic activity. It is therefore unsuitable for treating systemic fungal infections. Nystatin is available over the counter in some countries, but healthcare guidance is recommended to ensure proper use and dosing.

Overall, nystatin remains a commonly used, effective antifungal agent particularly for superficial Candida infections, owing to its targeted action and well-established safety profile.