Niiskusmõõtja

Niiskusmõõtja, also known as a hygrometer, is an instrument used for measuring the amount of water vapor in the air or other gases. This measurement is typically expressed as relative humidity, which is the ratio of the current amount of water vapor in the air to the maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold at a given temperature.

There are several types of niiskusmõõtjad. Capacitive hygrometers use a dielectric material that absorbs moisture, changing its dielectric constant and thus its capacitance. This change is then measured electronically. Resistive hygrometers utilize a material whose electrical resistance changes with humidity. As the material absorbs water vapor, its resistance decreases. Another common type is the mechanical hygrometer, which often uses a material like human hair or a synthetic polymer that expands or contracts with changes in humidity. This physical change is linked to a pointer that indicates the relative humidity on a dial. Dew point hygrometers measure the temperature at which dew forms, which is directly related to the absolute humidity of the air.

Niiskusmõõtjad are used in a wide range of applications. They are essential in meteorology for weather forecasting and climate monitoring. In industry, they are used to control processes where humidity levels are critical, such as in manufacturing, storage, and HVAC systems. In homes and buildings, they help maintain comfortable and healthy indoor environments, preventing issues like mold growth or static electricity. Museums and archives use them to preserve delicate artifacts.