Nidensiaceae

Nidulariaceae is a family of fungi belonging to the order Agaricales. They are commonly known as bird's nest fungi due to the characteristic cup-shaped or nest-like fruiting bodies, called sporocarps, which contain one or more peridioles. These peridioles are small, hard, spore-bearing structures. The sporocarps themselves are often sessile and can vary in size, shape, and color depending on the species. They are typically found growing on decaying wood, leaf litter, or dung in various terrestrial habitats worldwide.

The reproductive strategy of Nidulariaceae is quite unique. When rain or water droplets hit the sporocarp, the peridioles are ejected, often with considerable force, by a splash-cup mechanism. This dispersal method helps to spread the spores to new locations, often further than wind dispersal alone would allow. The peridioles themselves are typically smooth and often have a gelatinous outer layer that aids in their attachment to surfaces when they land.

The family currently contains several genera, including Nidularia, Cyathus, Crucibulum, and Mycocalia. Each genus exhibits distinct morphological features, particularly in the structure of the peridioles and the overall shape of the sporocarp. For example, species of Cyathus often have a distinct involucre, or outer cup, surrounding the inner peridioles. While not generally considered edible or poisonous, these fungi play a role in the decomposition of organic matter in their ecosystems. Their unusual appearance has made them a subject of interest for mycologists and nature enthusiasts alike.