Ni3P

Ni3P is an intermetallic compound composed of nickel and phosphorus in a 3:1 ratio. It is one of several nickel phosphides studied for catalytic and electrocatalytic applications. Ni3P can be prepared by direct reaction of nickel with phosphorus at elevated temperature, by phosphorization of nickel films or powders, or by reactions in nickel–phosphorus precursor systems followed by annealing. The compound forms a solid and exhibits metallic conductivity, which makes it suitable as an active catalyst or catalyst support in various hydroprocessing and hydrogenation reactions.

Crystallography and structure: Ni3P maintains a fixed Ni:P stoichiometry and forms an intermetallic lattice. The exact crystal structure can vary with synthesis conditions, but the phase is typically nickel-rich relative to some other phosphides, featuring a framework of nickel atoms with phosphorus occupying specific lattice sites.

Properties: It is thermally stable under many environments and has a relatively high melting point. The material is generally hard and brittle, with good electrical conductivity. Phosphides can oxidize at high temperatures in oxidizing environments, depending on conditions.

Applications: Ni3P is employed as a catalyst phase in hydrodesulfurization and hydrogenation reactions in petroleum refining and has been studied as an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution and other electrochemical processes. In many cases, Ni3P forms from Ni–P precursors during catalyst synthesis.

Safety: Ni3P contains nickel and phosphorus; powders should be handled with appropriate safety measures. Nickel compounds are associated with health hazards, so standard laboratory safety practices should be followed.