Nezaposlenost

Nezaposlenost refers to the state of being unemployed, meaning individuals who are able to work and are actively seeking employment but cannot find a job. It is a significant economic indicator that reflects the health of a labor market and the broader economy.

There are various types of unemployment. Frictional unemployment occurs when people are temporarily between jobs or are new entrants to the workforce. Structural unemployment arises from a mismatch between the skills of workers and the demands of employers, often due to technological changes or shifts in industry. Cyclical unemployment is related to the business cycle, increasing during economic downturns and decreasing during periods of growth. Seasonal unemployment affects industries that have predictable fluctuations in demand throughout the year, such as agriculture or tourism.

Measuring unemployment typically involves surveying households or employers to determine the number of people actively looking for work. Unemployment rates can vary significantly based on age, education level, geographic location, and economic conditions. High unemployment rates can lead to social and economic problems, including poverty, increased crime rates, and reduced consumer spending. Governments often implement policies aimed at reducing unemployment, such as job training programs, unemployment benefits, and economic stimulus measures.