Neuwahl

Neuwahl (from German neuwahl, "new election") is a term used in German-speaking countries to describe an election held before the end of the ordinary legislative term. It is typically held to replace an existing government or legislature after a crisis, dissolution, or deadlock.

Triggers and procedures vary by country. In parliamentary systems, neuwahlen may be called following a resignation of the government, a failed vote of confidence, or the dissolution of parliament by the head of state. Some constitutions require the approval of a president or monarch; others empower the parliament to dissolve itself or trigger new elections under specific conditions. The exact timetable and campaigning rules depend on national electoral law.

Consequences: A neuwahl resets the mandate, leads to post-election coalition talks or changes in government, and can alter political momentum. They can be costly and may reflect public dissatisfaction or strategic repositioning by parties.

Distinctions: It is distinct from regular general elections held at fixed terms; neuwahlen are not necessarily caused by a crisis, but are often associated with one. The concept is especially common in Germany, Austria, and other German-speaking regions, but analogous processes exist worldwide as snap elections or early elections.