Neutronreflektorer

Neutronreflektorer, sometimes called neutron albedos, are materials used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons to scatter neutrons back into the fissile material. This scattering increases the probability that a neutron will cause another fission, thereby sustaining or increasing the chain reaction. Essentially, they act like mirrors for neutrons.

The effectiveness of a neutron reflector depends on its material composition and geometry. Materials with a high scattering cross-section and low absorption cross-section for neutrons are ideal. Common reflector materials include graphite, beryllium, and water. In reactor designs, reflectors are typically placed around the core. In nuclear weapons, they surround the fissile core to enhance the explosive yield by reducing neutron leakage and allowing a smaller critical mass to be used.

The use of a neutron reflector can significantly reduce the amount of fissile material needed to achieve criticality. This is because neutrons that would otherwise escape the core are redirected back, contributing to the fission process. This efficiency gain is crucial for both economic and strategic reasons in nuclear technology. The concept is a fundamental aspect of nuclear physics and reactor engineering.