Neutrofilní

Neutrofilní refers to a type of white blood cell known as a neutrophil. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of granulocyte and the most abundant type of phagocyte in most mammals. They are a crucial part of the innate immune system, acting as the first responders to sites of bacterial or fungal infection. Their primary function is to engulf and destroy invading microorganisms through a process called phagocytosis.

These cells are characterized by a segmented nucleus, typically with three to five lobes, and cytoplasm containing fine, pale granules. Neutrophils are produced in the bone marrow and circulate in the bloodstream. When an infection or inflammation occurs, they are rapidly recruited to the affected tissue by chemical signals. Once at the site, they can release antimicrobial substances and enzymes from their granules to kill pathogens. They also play a role in clearing cellular debris and dead cells from an injury site.

The lifespan of a neutrophil is relatively short, usually only a few days. Their presence in elevated numbers in a blood test, a condition known as neutrophilia, often indicates an active infection or inflammatory process. Conversely, a low neutrophil count, called neutropenia, can compromise the immune system, making an individual more susceptible to infections. Neutrophils are essential for maintaining health and fighting off a wide range of microbial threats.