Neutralizasyon

Neutralizasyon is a term used in Turkish to denote the process of neutralization. In chemistry, neutralization describes the reaction of an acid with a base to form a salt and water, resulting in a solution whose acidity and basicity are reduced.

The core reaction is H+ + OH- → H2O. For strong monoprotic acids and bases, the typical stoichiometry is 1:1, while polyprotic acids or bases may require multiple equivalents. Example: HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O. In aqueous media, the balance of ions shifts toward a neutral pH as the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions decrease.

Applications of neutralization are widespread. In titrations, neutralization is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. It is also employed in wastewater treatment, soil pH adjustment, and food, beverage, and pharmaceutical manufacturing to achieve controlled pH levels. Medically, antacids neutralize excess stomach acid. In environmental remediation, lime or other bases are used to neutralize acidic drainage. In immunology, neutralization can describe antibodies or other agents that block the function of a pathogen or toxin.

Notes and caveats include the fact that neutralization often releases heat (it is exothermic), and incomplete neutralization can leave residual acidity or basicity. The choice of neutralizing agent depends on the desired end product (the salt formed) and potential secondary effects on the system being treated.