Neuroleptikumok

Neuroleptikumok, also known as antipsychotics, are a class of psychoactive drugs used primarily to manage psychosis, particularly the symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. They work by affecting neurotransmitters in the brain, most notably dopamine. By blocking dopamine receptors, neuroleptics can help reduce hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking.

The first generation of neuroleptics, often called typical antipsychotics, emerged in the 1950s. While effective at managing positive symptoms of psychosis, they are also associated with significant motor side effects like tardive dyskinesia. Newer, second-generation or atypical antipsychotics, developed from the 1980s onwards, generally have a broader range of action and a lower risk of motor side effects, though they can carry a risk of metabolic issues.

Neuroleptics are available in various forms, including oral tablets, liquid solutions, and long-acting injectable formulations. Their use is typically prescribed and monitored by a psychiatrist. While they are crucial in treating severe mental health conditions, they are not a cure and are often used in conjunction with psychotherapy and other support services. The choice of neuroleptic and dosage depends on the individual patient's symptoms, medical history, and potential side effects.