Netzentgelte

Netzentgelte are network usage charges paid for the use of electricity transmission and distribution grids and, in the gas sector, for the use of gas transmission and distribution networks. They are intended to cover the costs incurred by grid operators for operating, maintaining, and expanding the grids, as well as for grid losses and system services necessary to ensure reliability and security of supply.

In many markets, including Germany, netzentgelte are charged by the grid operators and are passed on to energy suppliers, who then incorporate them into the prices billed to end customers. The charges reflect the network’s costs rather than the price of the energy commodity itself. They are typically regulated and approved by the national or regional regulatory authority.

Tariffs are usually composed of several components. For electricity, common elements include energy-related charges (based on consumption), capacity-related charges (based on the capacity used), fixed access charges, and charges for grid losses, metering, and system services. For natural gas, similar components apply, covering the use of transmission and distribution networks and related services. The exact structure and amounts vary by network operator and region.

Factors influencing netzentgelte include the level of grid investment needed, regional network conditions, the specific tariff class (household, small business, industry), and time-related aspects in some schemes. Tariffs are typically adjusted annually and published by the respective network operators after regulatory approval.

Netzentgelte are a major component of the total energy price in many markets and can significantly affect household and industrial energy costs, investment decisions, and the broader economics of energy supply and the integration of renewable energy sources.