Neotectonic

Neotectonics refers to the study of tectonic processes and their resulting landforms that have been active during the Quaternary period, which spans the last 2.6 million years. It bridges the gap between historical geology and active tectonics, focusing on recent faulting, folding, and volcanic activity. Neotectonic investigations often involve analyzing geomorphic features such as fault scarps, terraces, and uplifted or down-dropped areas.

The primary goal of neotectonics is to understand the current state of tectonic deformation and to assess the potential for future geological hazards like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Researchers utilize various techniques including field mapping, aerial and satellite imagery analysis, dating of geological materials (like radiometric dating), and paleoseismological trenching to reconstruct past seismic events. Geodetic measurements from GPS and InSAR are also crucial for monitoring ongoing crustal movements.

Neotectonic studies are vital for hazard assessment, infrastructure planning, and understanding the long-term evolution of landscapes. By examining the most recent geological evidence of Earth's dynamic processes, neotectonics provides critical insights into the ongoing deformation of the Earth's crust and its implications for human societies. It helps in identifying active fault zones and characterizing their slip rates and recurrence intervals for seismic events.