Nekróza

Nekróza is a medical term referring to the irreversible death of cells and living tissue. It occurs when the body's cells are subjected to conditions that are too harsh to survive, leading to a loss of cell integrity and function. This can be caused by a variety of factors, including injury, infection, toxins, ischemia (lack of blood supply), or disease.

There are several types of necrosis, each characterized by distinct microscopic and gross appearances. Coagulative necrosis is common in heart attacks and is characterized by the preservation of the general outline of the dead tissue. Liquefactive necrosis, often seen in brain infarcts or bacterial infections, results in the tissue being digested into a soft, amorphous mass. Caseous necrosis, typically associated with tuberculosis, appears as a cheesy, white material. Fat necrosis occurs in adipose tissue and is often seen after pancreatic inflammation or trauma. Gangrenous necrosis is a form of coagulative necrosis that results in the affected tissue turning black and shriveled, usually due to a lack of blood supply.

The signs and symptoms of necrosis depend on the location and extent of the affected tissue. They can include pain, swelling, redness, loss of function, and in severe cases, the development of ulcers or tissue sloughing. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and tissue biopsy. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause of the necrosis and may involve surgery to remove dead tissue, antibiotics for infection, or interventions to restore blood supply.