Nefropatía

Nefropatía refers to disease of the kidney. It is a broad term encompassing various conditions that affect the structure and function of the kidneys. Kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering waste products from the blood, regulating blood pressure, maintaining electrolyte balance, and producing hormones. When the kidneys are damaged, these functions can be impaired, leading to serious health consequences.

There are many causes of nefropatía. These can include chronic conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, which are the leading causes of kidney disease. Other causes include autoimmune diseases like lupus, infections, certain medications, genetic disorders, and obstructions in the urinary tract. The progression of kidney damage can vary greatly depending on the underlying cause and the individual's overall health.

Symptoms of nefropatía may not appear until the disease is advanced. Early signs can be subtle and include changes in urination, such as increased frequency, difficulty urinating, or blood in the urine. As the condition worsens, symptoms can include swelling in the legs and feet, fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to assess kidney function and imaging studies. Treatment aims to manage the underlying cause, slow the progression of kidney damage, and alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, dialysis or kidney transplantation may be necessary.