Natriumtrifosfaatti

Natriumtrifosfaatti, also known as sodium triphosphate or STP, is a chemical compound with the formula Na₅P₃O₁₀. It is a salt of trifosforihappo. Structurally, it consists of three phosphate groups linked together. In its anhydrous form, it is a white, crystalline powder. It is highly soluble in water and forms clear, colorless solutions. When hydrated, it can exist in various forms, commonly as the pentahydrate (Na₅P₃O₁₀·5H₂O).

Natriumtrifosfaatti has a wide range of industrial and commercial applications due to its properties as a chelating agent, emulsifier, dispersant, and buffering agent. It is widely used in food processing, for example, as a preservative and to improve the texture of processed meats and seafood. In detergents, it acts as a builder, helping to soften water and enhance the cleaning power of surfactants. Other uses include water treatment, where it helps prevent scale formation, and in the textile industry for dyeing processes.

The environmental impact of natriumtrifosfaatti, particularly its contribution to eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems, has led to restrictions and bans on its use in some regions, especially in detergents. This is because phosphates can act as nutrients for algae, leading to excessive algal growth and oxygen depletion in water bodies.