Nadmiernych

Nadmiernych is the genitive plural form of the Polish adjective nadmierny, meaning excessive or undue. The adjective describes something that goes beyond what is reasonable or necessary. Like other Polish adjectives, nadmierny inflects for gender, number, and case; nadmiernych is used when the noun it modifies is plural and in the genitive case. This form is common in formal or technical writing, especially when referring to excess in costs, requirements, or restrictions.

Usage examples include phrases such as nadmiernych kosztów inwestycji, which means excessive investment costs; nadmiernych wymagań, meaning excessive demands; and nadmiernych ograniczeń biurokratycznych, meaning excessive bureaucratic restrictions. These constructions typically appear in discussions about budgets, policies, or compliance, where identifying and reducing excess is a concern.

Etymology and notes: nadmierny derives from the prefix nad- (over, beyond) and the stem mierny (moderate, modest), together conveying the sense of exceeding moderation. The form nadmiernych is the standard genitive plural ending for this adjective, used with nouns in genitive plural. In practice, nadmiernych modifies masculine personal, neuter, or feminine nouns in genitive plural (as appropriate to the head noun), and its use signals evaluation of quantity or degree as excessive.