NPt
The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) is an international agreement established to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, to promote peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and to advance disarmament. Opened for signature in 1968 and entering into force in 1970, the NPT rests on three pillars: non-proliferation, disarmament, and the right to peaceful nuclear energy. Under the treaty, non-nuclear-weapon states agree not to acquire or develop nuclear weapons and to accept IAEA safeguards to verify peaceful use; nuclear-weapon states pledge to pursue negotiations on disarmament and to cooperate with peaceful nuclear technologies under appropriate controls.
The treaty recognizes five nuclear-weapon states (the P5): the United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France,
As of the early 2020s, the NPT had over 190 states parties. Key non-signatories include India, Pakistan,
Issues of governance: the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) conducts safeguards inspections to verify that nuclear
Overall, the NPT remains the cornerstone of the global nuclear non-proliferation regime, shaping national policies and