NOxbehandling

NOxbehandling refers to the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), a group of highly reactive gases composed of nitrogen and oxygen, primarily emitted from combustion processes such as vehicle engines, power plants, and industrial facilities. These pollutants contribute to environmental and health issues, including respiratory problems, acid rain, and the formation of ground-level ozone, which harms ecosystems and human well-being.

The primary sources of NOx emissions include fossil fuel combustion in internal combustion engines, coal-fired power plants, and industrial furnaces. NOx is formed during high-temperature combustion when nitrogen in the air reacts with oxygen. To mitigate these emissions, various NOxbehandling techniques are employed, both at the source and through post-treatment methods.

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is a widely used catalytic method where ammonia or urea is injected into the exhaust stream to react with NOx in the presence of a catalyst, converting it into harmless nitrogen and water. Another common approach is Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), which uses ammonia or urea without a catalyst, though it is less efficient and effective at lower temperatures. Additionally, lean NOx traps (LNT) capture NOx under lean-burn conditions and release it for reduction during rich-burn phases.

Regulatory standards, such as those set by the European Union and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, mandate strict limits on NOx emissions from vehicles and industrial facilities. Technologies like diesel particulate filters (DPF) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) are also integrated into engine designs to reduce NOx formation. Public awareness and advancements in cleaner fuel technologies further support efforts to minimize NOx pollution and improve air quality.