NIOS

NIOS stands for the National Institute of Open Schooling, an autonomous board in India that provides open and distance learning options for school education. It operates under the Ministry of Education and aims to offer flexible pathways for learners who cannot attend regular schools, including working youths, homemakers, and those seeking alternative routes to certification. The institute is headquartered in New Delhi and works through regional centres and accredited study centres across the country.

Established in 1989 as the National Open School, it was renamed to its present title as part of its development into a national open schooling authority. NIOS administers public examinations and provides learning materials, guidance, and support services to a diverse student body. It emphasizes accessibility, lifelong learning, and portability of credits across institutions.

Programs and curriculum are designed for two main milestones: the Secondary Course (Class 10) and the Senior Secondary Course (Class 12). Both general and vocational streams are offered, with a wide range of subjects including languages, sciences, mathematics, social sciences, and various vocational subjects such as information technology, agriculture, and commerce. The curriculum supports flexible study schedules and is supplemented by self-instructional materials, audio-visual resources, and practical components where applicable.

Admissions and examinations are a hallmark of NIOS. Admissions are open throughout the year without rigid age limits, and examinations are conducted twice a year, in designated sessions. In addition, On-Demand Examinations allow learners to attempt specific papers at their own pace. The system emphasizes learner support through study centres, regional offices, and helplines.

Certificates issued by NIOS are recognized by many higher education institutions and employers in India, subject to institutional policies. The institute remains a key option for those seeking a recognized, flexible route to secondary and pre-university education.