Métastaser

Métastaser is a French term that translates to "to metastasize" in English. It refers to the biological process by which cancer cells spread from their primary site of origin to other parts of the body. This spreading occurs through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. Once cancer cells reach a new location, they can begin to grow and form new tumors, known as secondary tumors or metastases. This process is a critical factor in the progression and lethality of many cancers.

The development of metastases involves several steps. Cancer cells must first break away from the primary tumor, a process called intravasation. They then travel through the circulatory or lymphatic system. Upon reaching a distant organ, they must adhere to the vessel wall, exit the bloodstream or lymphatic vessel (extravasation), and survive in the new microenvironment. Finally, they must proliferate to form a secondary tumor. Metastasis is a complex phenomenon influenced by the characteristics of the cancer cells, the host's immune system, and the specific microenvironment of the target organ. The presence of metastases often indicates a more advanced stage of cancer and can significantly impact treatment strategies and patient prognosis.