Méretgazdaságok

Méretgazdaságok, also known as economies of scale, refers to the cost advantages experienced by a company when it increases its level of output. This phenomenon occurs because costs are spread over a larger number of units produced. As production volume rises, the average cost per unit tends to fall.

There are several reasons why méretgazdaságok occur. Firstly, fixed costs such as rent, machinery, and administrative salaries are distributed across a greater output, leading to a lower fixed cost per unit. Secondly, as a company grows, it can often negotiate bulk discounts on raw materials and components, reducing input costs. Thirdly, specialization and division of labor become more feasible in larger operations, allowing workers to become more efficient in their specific tasks. Finally, larger companies may have greater access to capital and can invest in more advanced, efficient technology.

Méretgazdaságok can be internal, arising from a firm's own expansion, or external, resulting from the growth of the industry as a whole, such as the development of specialized suppliers or infrastructure. However, economies of scale are not limitless. Eventually, a firm may encounter diseconomies of scale, where the average cost per unit begins to rise due to challenges in management, coordination, and communication in very large organizations.