Määrdeaineteks

Määrdeaineteks, commonly translated as lubricants, are substances introduced between two or more moving surfaces to reduce friction and wear. They are essential in a wide range of mechanical applications, from the smallest watch gears to the largest industrial machinery. The primary function of a lubricant is to create a thin film that separates the moving parts, preventing direct contact. This film can be liquid, semi-solid, or solid, depending on the lubricant type and operating conditions.

The effectiveness of a lubricant is often measured by its viscosity, which describes its resistance to flow. High viscosity lubricants are thicker and provide better film strength under heavy loads, while low viscosity lubricants flow more easily, reducing internal friction within the lubricant itself. Other important properties include thermal stability, resistance to oxidation, and the ability to protect against corrosion.

Lubricants can be broadly categorized into mineral oils, synthetic oils, greases, and solid lubricants. Mineral oils are derived from petroleum, while synthetic oils are engineered for specific performance characteristics. Greases are essentially oils thickened with soaps or other agents, providing a more tenacious film. Solid lubricants, such as graphite or molybdenum disulfide, are used in extreme conditions where liquid lubricants may fail. Proper lubrication is crucial for extending the lifespan of machinery, improving efficiency, and ensuring reliable operation.