Mágnest
Mágnest refers to a material or object that produces a persistent magnetic field. In general, a mágnest can attract or repel ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, and cobalt, and it can influence nearby magnetic fields. Magnetic behavior arises from the alignment of microscopic magnetic moments within the material. Mágnests are typically categorized as permanent magnets, which maintain their magnetization without power, and electromagnets, which generate a magnetic field when an electric current passes through a coil.
Permanent magnets are made from alloys with strong intrinsic magnetism, including ferrites, neodymium-iron-boron, samarium-cobalt, and aluminum-nickel-cobalt.
Key properties include magnetic flux density (B), magnetization (M), and hysteresis, which describes how the magnet's
Applications span electric motors and generators, magnetic storage and data-tape systems, loudspeakers, MRI machines, and magnetic