Multigabit

Multigabit is a broad term used to describe data communication rates that exceed 1 gigabit per second (Gbps). It is not a formal standard category, but rather a descriptive label used in networking to indicate speeds in the multi-Gbps range. Applications include local area networks (LANs), data centers, and storage networks where higher throughput is required beyond 1 Gbps.

Technology and standards: In copper Ethernet, multigigabit speeds are defined by 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T (IEEE 802.3bz). These operate over standard twisted-pair copper, commonly Cat5e or Cat6, up to about 100 meters. For higher speeds, 10GBASE-T and faster (such as 25GBASE-T and 40GBASE-CR4) are used, typically requiring higher-quality cabling (Cat6a or fiber) and appropriate transceivers. In fiber, multigigabit links are common using various high-speed PHYs and modular transceivers, enabling scalable performance in data centers and enterprise networks.

Context and uses: Multigigabit links are common in modern data centers, enterprise networks, and consumer devices that require fast backups, virtualization, high-definition video, or cloud services. They allow upgrading network performance without replacing all wiring, especially on existing copper installations, while fiber provides longer reach and higher scalability for core links.

Limitations and considerations: The term is not standardized; vendor definitions vary. Achieving stable multigigabit performance depends on cabling quality and length, interference and cross-talk, power budgets, and the capabilities of network interface cards and switches.

See also: Gigabit Ethernet, 10 Gigabit Ethernet, 25/40/100 Gigabit Ethernet.