Mudug

Mudug is a region in central Somalia. It lies along the central Somali plateau and has a coastline on the Indian Ocean. The region is politically divided between two semi-autonomous administrations: Puntland governs the northern portion, while Galmudug administers the southern portion. The city of Galkayo serves as the regional capital and is effectively governed in two sectors, reflecting the split administration.

Geography and economy in Mudug are characterized by arid to semi-arid landscapes with coastal areas in the east. The regional economy is largely based on pastoralism and livestock herding, complemented by fishing along the coast and small-scale trade in urban centers. Water scarcity is a recurring constraint, and rainfall is often irregular.

Administration and districts within Mudug are diverse, with governance varying between the Puntland and Galmudug authorities. The region includes several settlements, among them the coastal town of Hobyo, which contributes to the area’s maritime activities. The dual administrative arrangement means that public services, security, and development projects are implemented through both authorities, sometimes leading to coordination challenges.

History and governance in Mudug have been shaped by Somalia’s broader civil conflict and the evolving federal system. The area has experienced periodic security incidents and clan-based political dynamics, along with shifts in control between Puntland and Galmudug authorities. International and regional actors have supported stabilization and humanitarian efforts, focusing on security, governance, and aid delivery.

Demographics and society in Mudug are predominantly Somali, with communities organized around clans and lineages. The region supports pastoralist livelihoods, fishing communities along the coast, and urban commerce in its towns and city centers.