Motori

Motori is a broad term used to describe devices that convert energy into mechanical work. In engineering, engines and motors are categorized by the form of energy they use and how they produce motion. The principal divisions are thermal engines, which convert heat into work, and electric motors, which convert electrical energy into motion.

Thermal engines include internal combustion engines, such as gasoline and diesel engines used in automobiles, and external combustion engines, such as steam engines and Stirling engines. Internal combustion engines burn fuel inside cylinders to produce expanding gases that push pistons and generate rotational power. External combustion engines burn fuel outside the working chamber, powering a medium like steam that drives turbines or pistons. The efficiency and performance of thermal engines depend on factors such as compression ratio, thermal efficiency, and propulsion requirements.

Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. They range from small brushed or brushless DC motors used in portable devices to large AC induction and synchronous motors found in industrial drives and power systems. Electric motors are valued for their simplicity, reliability, and controllability, though they depend on the availability of electrical power and, in some cases, rare materials for magnets.

Hybrid propulsion systems combine thermal and electric principles to improve efficiency and reduce emissions. Applications of motori span transportation (cars, aircraft, ships), manufacturing and process industries, and consumer devices, where compact, efficient, and controllable motion is required.

Overall, motori play a central role in modern machinery, enabling movement, energy conversion, and a wide range of technologies that power everyday life.