Moreenimaat

Moreenimaat refers to landforms created by glacial till, a heterogeneous mixture of unconsolidated debris deposited directly by a glacier. This material, often unsorted and unstratified, can include clay, silt, sand, gravel, and boulders. The accumulation of till forms a variety of landscapes shaped by the erosional and depositional forces of ice.

The topography of moreenimaat can vary significantly. Ground moraine, a widespread and gently undulating till plain, is a common feature. This forms when the ice melts and deposits its load beneath the glacier. More hummocky and irregular terrain can result from lodgement till, which is deposited under the moving ice, or from ablation till, which is deposited as the ice melts away from the surface.

Specific landforms within moreenimaat include drumlins, which are elongated, streamlined hills formed by glacial ice molding till into specific shapes, and erratics, which are large boulders transported by glaciers from their original location and deposited on different bedrock. Ridges of till, such as terminal moraines and lateral moraines, mark the furthest extent of a glacier or its edges, respectively, and are formed by the accumulation of debris pushed or dropped by the ice. The soil in moreenimaat is typically rich in minerals due to the diverse rock fragments within the till, making these areas often agriculturally productive.