Moodustamisviisidega

Moodustamisviisidega refers to the grammatical processes by which new words are formed in Estonian. These include several distinct mechanisms.

One of the primary methods is derivation, where new words are created by adding prefixes or suffixes to existing roots. For example, the noun "õpetaja" (teacher) is formed by adding the suffix "-ja" to the verb "õppima" (to learn). Prefixes can also alter the meaning of a word, as seen in "eestlane" (Estonian) from "Eesti" (Estonia) with the suffix "-lane".

Another significant process is compounding, where two or more existing words are joined together to create a new word with a combined meaning. A common example is "raamatukogu" (library), formed from "raamat" (book) and "kogu" (collection). The first part often modifies the second, as in "päästeamet" (rescue board) from "pääste" (rescue) and "amet" (board/office).

Conversion, or zero derivation, is also a recognized method, though less frequent. This involves using a word from one grammatical class in another without any change in its form. For instance, a verb can be used as a noun, or vice-versa.

Less common but still present are methods like abbreviation and onomatopoeia, where words are shortened or imitative of sounds. Overall, moodustamisviisidega encompasses the diverse and systematic ways Estonian vocabulary expands and evolves.