Monoolefyni

Monoolefyni is a term used in organic chemistry to refer to organic compounds that contain a single carbon-carbon double bond. These compounds are also commonly known as alkenes. The presence of a double bond distinguishes them from alkanes, which contain only single bonds, and from polyolefins, which contain multiple double bonds.

The general formula for a monoolefyn with one double bond and no rings is CnH2n. The simplest monoolefyn is ethene (also known as ethylene), with the formula C2H4. Other examples include propene (C3H6), butene (C4H8), and pentene (C5H10).

Monoolefyni exhibit characteristic chemical properties due to the presence of the pi bond within the double bond. This pi bond is less stable than the sigma bonds and is a site of higher electron density, making it susceptible to electrophilic attack. This leads to a variety of addition reactions, such as hydrogenation (addition of hydrogen), halogenation (addition of halogens), and hydrohalogenation (addition of hydrogen halides). These reactions are fundamental in organic synthesis and are used to transform alkenes into other functional groups.

Monoolefyni are important building blocks in the petrochemical industry. For instance, ethene is a major feedstock for the production of polyethylene, one of the most widely used plastics. Propene is used to produce polypropylene. Many other monoolefyni also serve as intermediates in the synthesis of a wide range of chemicals, including polymers, solvents, and pharmaceuticals. Their reactivity allows for controlled modifications to create complex molecules.