Monomethylarsonic

Monomethylarsonic acid, also known as MMA or arsanilic acid, is an organoarsenic compound with the chemical formula CH3AsO(OH)2. It is a colorless, crystalline solid that is soluble in water. Monomethylarsonic acid is a metabolite of inorganic arsenic and is also used as a pesticide, particularly in poultry feed as a growth promoter and to prevent coccidiosis.

In the environment, monomethylarsonic acid can be formed through the methylation of inorganic arsenic by microorganisms. It can also be introduced through industrial processes and agricultural applications. Its persistence and mobility in soil and water depend on various factors, including pH, redox conditions, and the presence of other organic matter.

Monomethylarsonic acid is considered toxic. Exposure can occur through ingestion of contaminated food or water, or through occupational exposure. Symptoms of acute exposure can include gastrointestinal distress, skin lesions, and neurological effects. Chronic exposure has been linked to an increased risk of certain cancers, including skin, bladder, and lung cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease and developmental problems.

Due to its toxicity, the use of monomethylarsonic acid as a feed additive has been restricted or banned in many countries. Regulatory agencies set limits for arsenic levels in food and drinking water to protect public health. Research continues to explore the environmental fate, toxicological effects, and remediation strategies for monomethylarsonic acid and other arsenic compounds.