Monoaminooksydaz

Monoaminooksydaz, often abbreviated as MAO, refers to a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of amines. These enzymes are crucial for the breakdown of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, as well as various other monoamine compounds in the body. MAO is found in many tissues, including the brain, liver, and intestines. There are two primary isoforms, MAO-A and MAO-B, which differ in their substrate specificity and distribution. MAO-A preferentially metabolizes serotonin, norepinephrine, and epinephrine, while MAO-B primarily targets phenylethylamine and benzylamine, though it also acts on dopamine to some extent.

The inhibition of MAO enzymes is a significant mechanism for certain pharmacological treatments. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs used primarily as antidepressants. By preventing the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters, MAOIs increase their availability in the synaptic cleft, which is thought to alleviate symptoms of depression. Historically, MAOIs were among the first antidepressants developed. However, their use can be associated with potentially dangerous drug and food interactions, particularly with tyramine-rich foods, due to the risk of hypertensive crisis. Consequently, newer classes of antidepressants with different mechanisms of action are often preferred, though MAOIs remain valuable in certain treatment-resistant cases. Research continues to explore the precise roles of MAO isoforms in various physiological and pathological processes.