Monoamiinioksidaasia

Monoamiinioksidaasia is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and other monoamines. It belongs to the flavoprotein family and is found in various tissues throughout the body, including the brain, liver, and intestines. The primary function of monoamine oxidase is to catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines, breaking them down into inactive metabolites.

There are two main isoforms of monoamine oxidase: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). These isoforms differ in their substrate specificity and distribution within the body. MAO-A preferentially metabolizes serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, while MAO-B primarily metabolizes dopamine, phenylethylamine, and benzylamine. Both isoforms are involved in the breakdown of tyramine.

Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity can have significant physiological effects. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that block the action of these enzymes. MAOIs have been used as antidepressants and for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. By inhibiting the breakdown of monoamine neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, MAOIs can increase their levels in the brain, which is thought to alleviate symptoms of depression and Parkinsonism. However, MAOIs can also interact with certain foods and medications, leading to potentially dangerous side effects.