Monistent

Monistent refers to a philosophical concept that posits the existence of only one fundamental substance or reality. This single substance is believed to be the underlying basis of all phenomena in the universe. Various monist philosophies differ on the nature of this single substance. Some, like materialism, identify it as physical matter, while others, such as idealism, propose it to be mind or consciousness. Neutral monism suggests the fundamental substance is neither purely mental nor purely physical but something independent of both. This contrasts with dualism, which posits two fundamental substances, and pluralism, which suggests many. Monism offers a unified view of reality, seeking to explain the interconnectedness of all things through a single originating principle. Historically, thinkers like Parmenides and Baruch Spinoza have been associated with monist viewpoints. The concept is a foundational one in metaphysics, influencing discussions on the nature of existence, consciousness, and the relationship between mind and body.