MonazitRE

Monazite is a group of phosphate minerals in the rare-earth element (REE) group. The general formula is (REE,Th,Ca)PO4, where REE represents the rare earth elements. Monazite is typically found in small crystalline structures. Its composition varies, but it is primarily composed of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, and praseodymium. Thorium is often present, sometimes in significant amounts, making some monazite deposits radioactive.

Monazite is a significant source of rare earth elements, which are crucial for many modern technologies, including magnets, batteries, and catalysts. It is often found in placer deposits, which are sedimentary deposits formed by the action of rivers or oceans, and in hard-rock pegmatites. Major sources of monazite have historically included India, Brazil, Australia, and the United States.

The extraction of REEs from monazite is a complex chemical process. Due to the presence of thorium, radioactive waste management is a consideration in its processing. While historically important, the global supply of REEs is now diversified, with other minerals like bastnäsite also being significant sources. The economic viability of monazite mining is influenced by the fluctuating demand and price of rare earth elements.