Molybden

Molybden, more commonly known as molybdenum, is a silvery-gray transition metal with the symbol Mo and atomic number 42. It is a refractory material, notable for a very high melting point and good strength at elevated temperatures, along with corrosion resistance.

Molybden occurs in nature mainly in the mineral molybdenite (MoS2). It is mined and processed into molybdenum oxide (MoO3) and then refined to metal or used in chemical compounds for various applications. Major producers include several industrial countries that have substantial mining and refining operations.

Industrial and technical uses of molybdenum are diverse. It is widely added to steel and other alloys to improve strength, hardness, and high-temperature performance. In addition, molybdenum compounds serve as catalysts in petroleum refining and other chemical processes. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is used as a solid lubricant due to its low friction properties and stability under pressure.

Biology and health aspects: molybdenum is an essential trace element for humans and many other organisms. It is required by several enzymes, including xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and sulfite oxidase, for the metabolism of sulfur and nitrogen compounds. Deficiencies are rare in healthy individuals. Excessive exposure to molybdenum dust or compounds can cause adverse health effects in occupational settings. Dietary sources include legumes, grains, leafy vegetables, and organ meats.