Modafiniili

Modafinil is a prescription medication primarily used to treat excessive sleepiness caused by narcolepsy, obstructive sleep apnea, or shift work sleep disorder. It belongs to a class of drugs known as eugeroics, which promote wakefulness without stimulating the central nervous system like traditional stimulants. The exact mechanism of action is not fully understood, but it is believed to influence neurotransmitters such as dopamine, histamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and orexin.

Originally developed in France in the 1970s, modafinil was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2003 for the conditions mentioned above. It is also sometimes prescribed off-label for conditions like ADHD, depression, or cognitive enhancement, though its efficacy and safety in these contexts are not as well-established. Due to its cognitive-enhancing effects, modafinil has gained popularity among students, professionals, and military personnel seeking improved focus and productivity.

Common side effects of modafinil include headaches, nausea, insomnia, anxiety, and dizziness. In rare cases, it may cause more serious reactions such as allergic skin reactions or psychiatric symptoms. The drug interacts with certain medications, including birth control pills, blood thinners, and antidepressants, potentially altering their effectiveness or increasing side effects. Pregnant or breastfeeding women are generally advised against using modafinil due to limited safety data.

Modafinil is available in tablet form, typically taken once daily in the morning. Its effects usually last for about 12–15 hours, though individual responses may vary. Due to its potential for misuse and cognitive enhancement, modafinil is subject to controlled substance regulations in some countries, including the United States, where it is classified as a Schedule IV drug. Responsible use under medical supervision is strongly recommended.