Miriapodes

Miriapodes is a taxonomic subphylum of arthropods that includes millipedes, centipedes, pauropods, and symphylans. These terrestrial invertebrates are characterized by having elongated, segmented bodies, each segment bearing one or two pairs of legs. The name "miriapode" literally means "many-footed," reflecting their most distinctive feature.

Miriapodes are distinguished from other arthropods by their numerous legs and their tracheal respiratory system, which delivers oxygen directly to tissues. They typically have a head capsule with antennae and simple eyes, though the exact structure can vary between groups. Their mouthparts are adapted for chewing.

Within the subphylum, millipedes are herbivorous detritivores and possess two pairs of legs per body segment, except for the first few. Centipedes, on the other hand, are primarily carnivorous predators and have only one pair of legs per body segment, with the first pair of appendages modified into venomous fangs. Pauropods and symphylans are smaller and less well-known groups with distinct characteristics.

Miriapodes inhabit a wide range of terrestrial environments, from forests and grasslands to deserts and caves, where they play important roles in decomposition and as prey for other animals. They undergo direct development or simple metamorphosis, with juveniles resembling smaller adults and gaining legs as they molt.