Mineralsäuren

Mineralsäuren, also known as mineral acids, are inorganic acids derived from mineral sources. They are typically strong acids characterized by their high reactivity and the ability to donate protons (H⁺) in aqueous solutions. These acids play a crucial role in various industrial, chemical, and biological processes.

Common mineralsäuren include hydrochloric acid (HCl), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄), nitric acid (HNO₃), and phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄). Hydrochloric acid is formed from the mineral salt of chlorine and is widely used in chemical manufacturing and cleaning applications. Sulfuric acid, often termed the "king of chemicals," is vital in the production of fertilizers, detergents, and in petroleum refining. Nitric acid is primarily used in the manufacture of explosives and nitrates, while phosphoric acid is important in the production of phosphate fertilizers and food additives.

Mineralsäuren are characterized by their corrosiveness and strong acidity, which require careful handling and storage. They tend to have high melting points and exhibit a high degree of dissociation in water. Due to their reactive nature, they can cause severe burns and are classified as hazardous substances.

These acids are distinguished from organic acids by their inorganic origin and lack of carbon-hydrogen bonds. They are fundamental to many chemical synthesis processes and industrial applications. Their properties and uses make them essential chemicals in modern technology, but their handling must adhere to safety regulations to prevent accidents and environmental damage.