Miljöbedömning

Miljöbedömning, often translated as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Environmental Assessment (EA), is a systematic process used to evaluate the likely environmental effects of a proposed project or development before a decision is made to move forward. The primary goal of miljöbedömning is to ensure that environmental considerations are integrated into the decision-making process for projects that could have significant environmental consequences.

The process typically involves identifying potential positive and negative impacts, assessing their significance, and proposing mitigation measures to reduce or eliminate adverse effects. This can include impacts on air and water quality, biodiversity, soil, noise levels, landscape, and cultural heritage. Miljöbedömning often involves public consultation, allowing stakeholders to voice their concerns and contribute to the assessment.

The specific requirements and procedures for miljöbedömning vary by jurisdiction, but generally include scoping (determining the extent of the assessment), impact analysis, mitigation planning, and reporting. The findings of the miljöbedömning are then used by authorities to inform their decision on whether to grant permission for the project to proceed, and under what conditions. In many countries, miljöbedömning is a legal requirement for certain types of projects, such as infrastructure development, industrial facilities, and large-scale resource extraction. The ultimate aim is to promote sustainable development by balancing economic, social, and environmental interests.