Mikroinstructions

Mikroinstructions are fundamental building blocks in the operation of a central processing unit (CPU). They represent the lowest level of programming in a computer's instruction set architecture. Instead of executing a single, complex machine instruction directly, a CPU often breaks down that instruction into a sequence of simpler, atomic operations called mikroinstructions. These mikroinstructions control the flow of data and the execution of elementary logic operations within the CPU's datapath.

The sequence of mikroinstructions for a particular machine instruction is stored in a special control memory or control store within the CPU. When the CPU fetches a machine instruction, it decodes it and then fetches the corresponding sequence of mikroinstructions from the control store. These mikroinstructions are then executed sequentially, activating various components of the CPU such as the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), registers, and memory access units. This process allows for the implementation of complex instruction sets using a relatively simpler hardware design. The design and management of mikroinstruction sets are crucial for CPU performance and efficiency.