Metotreksaatit

Metotreksaatit is a term that can refer to both methotrexate, a specific drug, and the broader class of antifolate medications it belongs to. Methotrexate is a medication primarily used in the treatment of certain cancers, autoimmune diseases, and ectopic pregnancies. As a chemotherapy agent, it works by inhibiting the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins, thereby slowing down the growth of rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells.

In the context of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and Crohn's disease, methotrexate is used at lower doses. Here, it acts as an immunosuppressant, reducing inflammation and modulating the immune system's activity to alleviate symptoms. Its precise mechanism in these conditions is complex and involves anti-inflammatory effects beyond simple cell growth inhibition.

Methotrexate can be administered orally, intravenously, intramuscularly, or intrathecally, depending on the condition being treated and the desired concentration in specific areas of the body. Common side effects can include nausea, fatigue, hair loss, mouth sores, and an increased risk of infection due to its effect on white blood cells. Regular monitoring of blood counts and liver function is crucial for patients undergoing treatment with methotrexate. It is a potent medication that requires careful management by healthcare professionals to ensure efficacy and minimize risks.