Methylolgruppe

The methylol group is a functional group in organic chemistry, consisting of a methyl group (-CH3) attached to a hydroxyl group (-OH). It is often represented as -CH2OH. This group is commonly found in polymers and resins, where it serves as a reactive site for cross-linking and polymerization reactions.

The methylol group is typically introduced into a molecule through the reaction of an alcohol with formaldehyde. This process is known as methylolation. The resulting compound is called a methylol derivative. For example, the methylolation of phenol produces methylolphenol, which is a precursor to Bakelite, a type of phenol-formaldehyde resin.

In polymer chemistry, the methylol group facilitates the formation of cross-linked networks. This is achieved through the reaction of the methylol group with other functional groups, such as amino groups, to form methylene (-CH2-) bridges. This cross-linking process enhances the mechanical strength and thermal stability of the polymer.

The methylol group is also used in the synthesis of various organic compounds. For instance, it can be used to introduce a hydroxyl group into an aromatic ring, which is a common step in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and dyes.

In summary, the methylol group is a versatile functional group in organic chemistry, playing a crucial role in the synthesis of polymers, resins, and other organic compounds. Its reactivity and ability to form cross-linked networks make it an essential tool in the field of polymer chemistry.