Methylaniline

Methylaniline, also known as *N*-methylaniline or *N*-phenylmethanamine, is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₇H₉N. It belongs to the class of aromatic amines, characterized by a methyl group (–CH₃) attached to the nitrogen atom of aniline (C₆H₅NH₂). This colorless to pale-yellow liquid is soluble in organic solvents but sparingly soluble in water. Methylaniline is primarily used as an intermediate in the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, rubber chemicals, and other organic compounds.

The compound exists in three isomeric forms: *N*-methylaniline (the most common), *o*-methylaniline (2-methylaniline), and *p*-methylaniline (4-methylaniline). *N*-methylaniline is the most widely studied isomer due to its industrial applications. It is typically produced through the reductive amination of nitrobenzene or by the methylation of aniline using formaldehyde and hydrogen.

Methylaniline exhibits moderate toxicity, posing risks to human health through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact. Prolonged exposure may lead to irritation of the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, as well as more severe health effects such as liver and kidney damage. Proper handling, including the use of protective equipment and ventilation, is essential in industrial settings.

In research and industrial applications, methylaniline serves as a precursor for the production of herbicides, fungicides, and certain pharmaceuticals. It also plays a role in the synthesis of polyamides and other polymers. Due to its reactivity, it is often handled under controlled conditions to prevent unwanted side reactions.

Environmental regulations govern its use and disposal, as methylaniline can persist in soil and water, posing ecological risks. Proper disposal methods, such as incineration or chemical treatment, are recommended to minimize environmental contamination.