Metastatizzazione

Metastatizzazione is the process by which cancer cells break away from a primary tumor, travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and form new tumors in distant parts of the body. This phenomenon is a hallmark of malignant tumors and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. The initial spread often occurs locally, with cancer cells invading surrounding tissues. From there, they can enter the circulation. Once in the bloodstream or lymphatic vessels, these cells can survive and travel to various organs. Common sites for metastasis include the lungs, liver, bones, and brain, depending on the type of primary cancer. Upon reaching a new site, the cancer cells can establish secondary tumors, which are also called metastases. These secondary tumors can grow and disrupt the function of the affected organs. The process of metastasis is complex and involves multiple steps, including invasion, intravasation (entering the circulation), survival in circulation, extravasation (leaving the circulation), and colonization of a new tissue. Understanding metastatizzazione is crucial for developing effective cancer treatments, as it represents the most challenging aspect of managing advanced cancer.