Metapontion

Metapontion was an ancient Greek city located in Magna Graecia, southern Italy, on the Ionian Sea coast. It was founded by Achaeans from the city of Pylos around the 7th century BCE. The city quickly grew into a prosperous polis, known for its strategic location and fertile surrounding lands, which were ideal for agriculture. Metapontion was a member of the Ionian League and played a significant role in the cultural and political life of Magna Graecia.

The city was particularly renowned for its association with Pythagoras and the Pythagorean school. Pythagoras is said to have spent his later years in Metapontion, and the city became a center for his philosophical and mathematical teachings. The Pythagoreans exerted considerable influence on the city's governance, though this also led to periods of political turmoil.

Metapontion's economy was largely based on agriculture, with wheat and olive oil being major exports. Its coinage, featuring images of grain and cornucopias, reflects its agricultural wealth. The city also had a strong navy and participated in trade throughout the Mediterranean.

During the 5th century BCE, Metapontion faced challenges from neighboring Lucanian tribes and internal conflicts. It allied with Athens during the Peloponnesian War and later with Rome. However, like many Greek cities in Italy, Metapontion eventually declined and was abandoned, with its inhabitants likely dispersing to other settlements. Today, archaeological excavations have revealed impressive ruins, including a well-preserved Doric temple, often referred to as the Tavole Palatine, which stands as a testament to Metapontion's past grandeur.