Mesoliittisen

Mesoliittisen refers to the Mesolithic period, also known as the Middle Stone Age. This prehistoric era follows the Paleolithic and precedes the Neolithic period. Its exact timeframe varies geographically, but it generally spans from around 10,000 BCE to 8,000 BCE in the Near East, and later in other parts of Europe. The Mesolithic is characterized by significant environmental changes following the end of the last Ice Age. As glaciers retreated, landscapes transformed, leading to the development of new ecosystems and the extinction of some large mammals.

Human societies in the Mesolithic adapted to these changing conditions. They were typically nomadic or semi-nomadic, following seasonal food sources. While large game hunting remained important, there was a greater reliance on smaller animals, fish, and gathered plants. Technology saw advancements, with the development of smaller, more refined stone tools, including microliths which could be hafted onto bone or wood to create composite tools like arrows and harpoons. Bow and arrow technology became widespread, offering a more efficient way to hunt. Settlements were often temporary, located near abundant resources, and evidence suggests an increase in the use of canoes for fishing and travel. Social structures likely remained small, band-level societies, but with increasing complexity as populations adapted to diverse environments.