Mesitylene

Mesitylene, also known as 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C9H12. It is a colorless liquid with a sweet, aromatic odor. Mesitylene is one of three isomers of trimethylbenzene, the others being pseudocumene (1,2,4-trimethylbenzene) and hemimellitene (1,2,3-trimethylbenzene).

It is found naturally in coal tar and petroleum and can be synthesized through various methods, including the cyclization of acetone. Mesitylene is a flammable liquid and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It is generally considered to have low toxicity, but prolonged exposure may cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.

Industrially, mesitylene is primarily used as a solvent, particularly for resins, gums, and varnishes. It also serves as a precursor in the synthesis of other organic compounds, such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. Its symmetrical structure makes it a useful building block in organic chemistry. It is also used in the production of antioxidants and UV stabilizers.