Mellékvese

The mellékvese, or adrenal gland in English, is a small, triangular-shaped endocrine gland located on top of each kidney. Despite its size, it plays a crucial role in the body's overall function through the production of essential hormones. These glands are divided into two main parts: the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla.

The adrenal cortex, the outer layer, is responsible for producing corticosteroids. These include glucocorticoids like cortisol, which helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and stress levels, and mineralocorticoids like aldosterone, which controls blood pressure and electrolyte balance.

The adrenal medulla, the inner part of the gland, produces catecholamines, primarily adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). These hormones are vital for the body's "fight-or-flight" response, preparing the body for immediate action by increasing heart rate, blood pressure, and energy supply.

Disorders of the mellékvese can arise from either overproduction or underproduction of these hormones. Conditions like Cushing's syndrome, caused by excessive cortisol, or Addison's disease, resulting from insufficient production of cortisol and aldosterone, highlight the significant impact these glands have on health. The mellékvese's complex hormonal regulation is essential for maintaining homeostasis and responding to various physiological demands.