Melamiinipolyfosfaattien

Melamiinipolyfosfaattien, often abbreviated as MPP, is a class of flame retardant compounds. These are typically inorganic-organic hybrid materials. The primary component is melamine, a nitrogen-rich organic compound, which is reacted with polyphosphoric acid or its derivatives. The resulting structure combines the thermal stability and char-forming properties of melamine with the phosphorus-based flame retardant mechanism of polyphosphates.

When exposed to heat, melamiinipolyfosfaattien decompose. This decomposition releases non-combustible gases like ammonia and nitrogen from the melamine component, which dilute the flammable gases in the combustion zone. Simultaneously, the polyphosphate component forms a glassy, insulating layer (char) on the surface of the material. This char layer acts as a physical barrier, preventing oxygen from reaching the underlying material and hindering the release of volatile flammable decomposition products.

Melamiinipolyfosfaattien are widely used in various polymer applications, including polyolefins, polyamides, and polyurethanes. They are often favored for their relatively low toxicity and environmental impact compared to some traditional halogenated flame retardants. Their effectiveness can be further enhanced by combining them with other flame retardant synergists. The specific properties and performance of MPP can be tailored by adjusting the melamine-to-phosphate ratio and the degree of polymerization of the phosphate chains.